Laboratory strains representative of capnocytophaga sputigena, c. Capnocytophaga is the name of a group of gramnegative bacteria that live in the mouth of some animals and humans. Metagenomic analysis of the canine oral cavity, as revealed by highthroughput pyrosequencing of the 16s rrna. Comparisons of deoxyribonucleic acid base sequence homology and phenotypic properties of capnocytophaga gingivalis and cytophaga sp. The addition of a sonic extract of capnocytophaga sputigena to the culture fluid to human fibroblasts resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation. The genus consists of seven species, namely capnocytophaga gingivalis, c.
The characteristics of the isolates were compared with 10 fresh and 2 stock isolates of fusobacterium nucleatum. See the preventing dog bites page for information on how to prevent dog bites and what to do if you are bitten, regardless of your health status. Capnocytophaga canimorsus can be a virulent pathogen, whereas c. P orphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque is an important risk factor for future periodontal attachment loss in susceptible adults. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine. Capnocytophaga sputigena, belongs to the genus capnocytophaga, family flavobacteriaceae, is a gramnegative bacillus. Capnocytophaga bacteria live in the mouths of cats and dogs without making them sick. The results support the division of capnocytophaga into three species and. Skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip directly to az link skip directly to az link skip directly to az link. Capnocytophaga species have been implicated as putative periodontal pathogens. Pneumonia and sepsis due to fluoroquinoloneresistant. Capnocytophaga gingivalis, capnocytophaga granulose, and capnocytophaga heamolytica. A bacterial infection caused by capnocytophaga canimorsus which is often found in normal healthy cats and dogs.
Capnocytophaga infections are not nationally notifiable, and thus there is no national estimate of incidence. Three other bacteria actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, prevotella intermedia, and capnocytophaga gingivalis that are also putative periodontal pathogens yielded no pcr product at any of the cell concentrations used. Sixtyeight strains of capnophilic fusiform gramnegative rods from the human oral cavity were subjected to extensive physiologic characterization, tested for susceptibility to various antibiotics, and the molpercent guanine plus cytosine of each isolate determined. Sensitivity of capnocytophaga species to bactericidal.
Due to the low level of evolutionary relationship to proteobacteria, genetic methods suitable for the genus capnocytophaga needed to be established. Capnocytophaga species constitute part of the normal oral microflora of humans and animals, and are often considered as opportunistic pathogens, that was confirmed by recent studies of microbial profiles using the human oral microbe identification microarray 23, 54, 128, 1. Capnocytophaga haemolytica is a gramnegative bacterium present in the oral cavity that has been related exclusively to periodontal disease. Pdf identification of capnocytophaga species from oral cavity of. Human oral capnocytophaga species have been only rarely described as a cause of sepsis in patients following stem cell or marrow transplantation. A type ix secretion system t9ss in flavobacterium johnsoniae was shown to be involved in the transport of proteins e. Molecular characterization of capnocytophaga canimorsus. Capnocytophaga symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. Other capnocytophaga species are protagonists of described serious diseases in the literature, such as sudden sepsis, meningitis, or endocarditis ie, c canimorsus transmitted by dog bites and some present species in the human oral cavity ie, c.
Capnocytophaga information for healthcare professionals. Capnocytophaga species are facultatively anaerobic gramnegative bacilli that are part of the normal oral flora, and it has been suggested that bloodstream infections develop when. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is the species most commonly involved in zoonotic. Bacteria in a given community are arranged in a threedimensional matrix with many degrees of freedom. Cargo transport shapes the spatial organization of a.
Capnocytophaga is a genus of gramnegative bacteria. Rarely, people can be infected with these germs after a bite or close contact with animals. Snapshots of the community display welldefined structures, but the steps required for their assembly are not understood. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Capnocytophaga, streptobacillus, gram negatives flashcards. Many kinds of bacteria germs called capnocytophaga live in the mouths of dogs and cats. Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a patient with. C the frequency distribution of rotation speed of a population of tethered c.
Here, we show that tn 4351, derived from bacteroides fragilis, could be. Parocheck 20 manual, checkreport user guide, checkreport. The significance of individual species in periodontal and extraoral diseases is unclear, due to the inability of conventional phenotypic tests to identify clinical isolates to species level. The first case of the infection in humans was reported by bobo and newton in 1976. The capnocytophaga germs that are common in dogs and cats can be spread to people through a bite or after close contact with dogs or cats. The word element capno in the bacteriums name refers to its ability to survive in high levels of carbon dioxide. To atcc valued customers, atcc stands ready to support our customers needs during the coronavirus pandemic.
Most people who have contact with a dog or cat do not become sick. Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a commensal bacterium from canine oral flora, has been isolated throughout the world from severe human infections caused by dog bites. Capnocytophaga gingivalis bacteremia detected only on quantitative blood cultures in a child with leukemia. What is capnocytophaga how common is capnocytophaga. Actinobacillus, aggregatibacter, kingella, cardiobacterium.
Capnocytophaga ochracea is a gramnegative, rodshaped bacterium that demonstrates gliding motility when cultured on solid agar surfaces. Capnocytophaga species are fastidious, slowgrowing, gramnegative bacteria. In the present study, sensitivity of capnocytophaga spp. Our first job is to listen to and observe what our customers need, and meet those needs with quality products and services. Enzyme release is more pronounced in the gramnegative c. Normally found in the oropharyngeal tract of mammals, they are involved in the pathogenesis of some animal bite wounds and periodontal diseases. Capnocytophaga species are a rare cause of bacteremia in patients with neutropenia and cancer.
It belongs to the family flavobacteriaceae, order flavobacteriales. They were the earliest bacteria to be isolated and named from the human subgingival plaque. Infections are more often linked to dog bites or dog contact. Effects of glucose concentration on growth and hydrolytic enzyme production article pdf available in microbiology 142 pt 88. To investigate the roles of tlrs in the recognition of periodontopathic bacteria by the innate immune system, a chinese hamster ovary cho nuclear factor. Although the genus is known to contain five human oral isolates, accurate identification to species level of these organisms recovered from subgingival plaque has been hampered by the lack of a reliable method. Detection of porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival exudate. Capnocytophaga ochracer, capnocytophaga sputigena, capnocytophaga gingivalis, capnocytophaga granulose, and capnocytophaga heamolytica.
Tolllike receptors tlrs 2 and 4 have recently been identified as possible signal transducers for various bacterial ligands. Bacteria of the genus capnocytophaga form part of the resident oral flora in children and adults. Capnocytophaga, a genus of gramnegative anaerobes that inhabit the oral cavity, has been reported to be an unusual cause of chorioamnionitis and neonatal infection. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium found in the saliva of 1624% of dogs and 17% of cats 1, 2. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga and. It is a slowly growing gramnegative bacillus that has been implicated in a variety of disorders including sepsis, meningitis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and endocarditis 38. A gramnegative, microaerophilic, co2requiring gliding bacillus, which is found in normal oral flora and an opportunistic pathogen. T9ss and its associated rotary motor are functional in gliding bacteria of the human microbiome. The infections tends to occur mainly in immunocompromised patients, alcoholics or patients who have chronic respiratory disease or have had their spleen removed. Capnocytophaga gingivalis definition of capnocytophaga. Pdf capnocytophaga sputigena is an unusual cause of communityacquired pneumonia. T ward, n brown, d parte, a bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology.
Dr2001 and dr2002 revealed that the three strains belonged to the same species but that the original species description was not accurate. They are recognized as opportunistic pathogens of various extraoral infections. Assessment of five culture media for the growth and. Other capnocytophaga species may be part of animal oral flora, or normal human oral floradental plaques, e. In addition, they are opportunistic pathogens associated with periodontal diseases and animal bites, causing systemic infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts 2, 3. Blood samples are usually used for culture identification.
The frequency with which these bacteria have been isolated in large patient series ranges from 0. Ethical clearance was obtained from the committee for research on human subjects medical, university of. Capnocytophaga are associated with septicemia and endogenous infections in immunocompromised patients. Test kit for the detection of 20 different bacteria. Aortic valve endocarditis by capnocytophaga haemolytica. We report a case of pneumonia confirmed by culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sepsis due to fluoroquinolone resistant capnocytophaga gingivalis in a patient following autologous stem. Genetic tools for studying capnocytophaga canimorsus. Lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic bacteria. A the frequency distribution of gliding speeds of a population of c. Capnocytophaga are gramnegative, facultative anaerobic bacteria. Bacteremia caused by capnocytophaga species in patients. A potential virulence factor article pdf available in microbiology 141 pt 1212. The human microbiome is an assemblage of diverse bacteria that interact with one another to form communities. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of pcr.
Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a neutropenic host. The term capnocytophaga comes from capno for its dependence on co 2 and cytophaga for its flexibility and mobility shift gliding motility. Detection of porphyromonas gingivalis in oral plaque. Effects of triclosan and triclosan monophosphate on. Capnocytophaga canimorsus genus capnocytophaga, family flavobacteriaceae is a fermenting gramnegative rod, which is commonly present in oral microflora in animals and is predominantly found in the saliva of cats and dogs. Heterogeneity within these species, their frequency in dogs, and pathogenicity factors are largely unknown. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a bacterial cause of fulminant sepsis among individuals who have been bitten by a dog. Genetics of the resistance, unknown as regards fluoroquinolone, was investigated and a substitution in qrdr of gyra was described gly80asn substitution for the first time in the capnocytophaga genus. The role of capnocytophaga species in oral health and disease is not well studied. Clinical findings c gingivalis may cause periodontal disease or, in immune compromised hosts e.
Hence, most studies to date have reported these isolates. Capnocytophaga identification has evolved with the advent of maldi tofms. Levels of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga and porphyromonas gingivalis were determined in subgingival plaque samples from 37 adolescents with downs syndrome and 37 healthy controls matched with respect to age and sex. Pdf a novel gramnegative, capnophilic, fusiform bacterium, designated strain chdc os43t, was isolated from a human refractory periapical abscess in. Rarely, capnocytophaga germs can spread to people through bites, scratches, or close contact from a dog or cat and may cause illness, including sepsis. Capnocytophaga granulosa and capnocytophaga haemolytica. The production and properties of an aminopeptidase from capnocytophaga gingivalis were studied. Diversity of capnocytophaga species in children and. Organisms have a long, fusiform appearance on gram stain, making it distinctive enough to consider morphologic identification pending cx results. Assessment of five culture media for the growth and isolation of capnocytophaga spp. Therefore, it should be valuable to have an easy chairside method to follow the effect of periodontal treatment on p.
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